Aeneid - Book XII

[AoM]

Well, I can say it feels really weird starting the last book. And it doesn't feel like it's been four years since I started working on the first book. I doubt this thing will ever see the light of day, but it's something I'm damn proud of. And since it's the last one, I thought I might as well do some notes like I did for a couple other books. They're probably more for my benefit, but hopefully they can give others a little amusement.

Using Tarrant's commentary, which is the most impressive Cambridge Aeneid commentary in terms of length. To be expected since it's the most recent (and this book is the longest).

 

[AoM]

Lines 1-53:

- infractos adverso Marte Latinos (1): chiasmus stressing the broken nature of the Latins, with war between them.
- promissa reposci (2): cf. responsa reposcit (11.240).
- implacabilis (3): cf. implacata Charybdis (3.420); pinguis ubi et placabilis ara Dianae (7.764).
- attollitque animos (4): cf. ultro animos tollit dictis (9.127); animosque ad sidera tollunt (9.637); animos tamen omine tollit (10.250).
- saucius ille gravi venantum vulnere pectus (5): cf. saucius. illum ardens infesto vulnere Pyrrhus (2.529); at regina gravi iamdudum saucia cura (4.1).
- tum demum (6): cf. 6.330/573, 9.815.
- excutiens cervice (7): cf. qualis mugitus, fugit cum saucius aram /
taurus et incertam excussit cervice securim (2.223-4).
- impavidus (8): cf. 10.717, of Mezentius; impavidos (8.633, of Romulus and Remus).
- frangit telum (8): cf. frange manu telum Phrygii praedonis (11.484).
- fremit ore cruento (8): cf. 9.341; fremet horridus ore cruento (1.296); terram hostilem moriens petit ore cruento (10.489).
- tum sic adfatur regem atque ita turbidus infit (10): cf. sic adeo insistit secumque ita corde volutat (4.533)
- nulla mora (11): cf. iam iam nulla mora est (2.701).
- pepigere (12): cf. bis senos pepigere dies (11.133).
- fer sacra (13): cf. sacra Dionaeae matri divisque ferebam (3.19)
- aut hac Dardanium dextra sub Tartara mittam (14): cf. alias sub Tartara tristia mittit (4.243); et regem hac Erulum dextra sub Tartara misi (8.563); et quos mille die victor sub Tartara misi (11.397).
- crimen commune refellam (16): cf. neque te teneo neque dicta refello (4.380)
- cedat Lavinia coniunx (17): cf. patrio Andromachen iterum cessisse marito (3.297).
- olli sedato respondit corde Latinus (18): cf. olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus (9.740).
- praestans animi (19): cf. fidens animi (2.61); amens animi (4.203); inops animi (4.300); infelix animi (4.529); furens animi (5.202); animi maturus (9.246); egregiusque animi (11.417).
- exsuperas (20): cf. exsuperatque iugum silvaque evadit opaca (11.905, of Aeneas).
- omnis metuentem expendere casus (21): cf. infanda per orbem / supplicia et scelerum poenas expendimus omnes (11.257-8).
- sunt tibi regna patris Dauni, sunt oppida capta (22): cf. est Paphus Idaliumque tibi, sunt alta Cythera (10.86).
- sunt aliae innuptae Latio et Laurentibus arvis (24): cf. delectos Latio et Laurentibus agris (11.431).
- simul hoc animo hauri (26): cf. animo spem turbidus hausit inanem (10.648).
- me natam nulli veterum sociare procorum (27): cf. ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis (7.96).
- victus... / ...lacrimis (29-30): cf. num lacrimas victus dedit aut miseratus amantem est? (4.370).
- vincla...rupi / ...eripui (30-1): cf. eripui, fateor, leto me et vincula rupi (2.134); nodos et vincula linea rupit (5.510); qui vincula rupit (5.543); fluvium vinclis innaret Cloelia ruptis (8.651); continuo puppes abrumpunt vincula ripis (9.118); rupimus invitae tua vincula (9.233); qualis ubi abruptis fugit praesepia vinclis (11.492).
- arma impia sumpsi (31): cf. quique arma secuti / impia (6.612-3).
- quantos primus patiare labores (33): cf. Turne, tot incassum fusos patiere labores (7.421).
- bis...victi (34): cf. bis capti Phryges (9.599).
- nostro Thybrina fluenta / sanguine (35-6): chiasmus reinforcing the extent of the bloodshed, with the key word in enjambment.
- campique ingentes ossibus albent (36): cf. difficilis quondam multorumque ossibus albos (5.865).
- quo referor totiens? quae mentem insania mutat? (37): cf. quid loquor? aut ubi sum? quae mentem insania mutat? (4.595, from Dido).
- Turno exstincto (38): cf. Geryone exstincto (7.662).
- ascire (38): cf. Dardanium Aenean generumque asciverit urbi (11.472).
- consanguinei Rutuli (40): cf. consanguineo...Acestae (5.771); consanguineus Leti Sopor (6.278); consanguineo...Turno (7.366).
- natam et conubia nostra petentem (42): cf. 4.213-4; 4.316; Nomadumque petam conubia supplex (4.535); ne pete conubiis natam sociare Latinis (7.96); quantum in conubio natae thalamoque moratur (7.253); en qui nostra sibi bello conubia poscunt! (9.600)
- respice res bello varias (43): cf. Ascanium surgentem et spes heredis Iuli / respice (4.274-5, Mercury to Aeneas); respice ad haec (7.454, Allecto to Turnus).
- exsuperat magis aegrescitque medendo (46): cf. exsuperant flammae (2.759); ardescitque tuendo (1.713, of Dido).
- sic institit ore (47): cf. sic adeo insistit (4.533).
- quam pro me curam geris (48): cf. ante annos animumque gerens curamque virilem (9.311).
- letumque sinas pro laude pacisci (49): cf. vitamque volunt pro laude pacisci (5.230).
- debile (50): cf. amissis remis atque ordine debilis uno (5.271).
- nostro sequitur de vulnere sanguis (51): cf. ater et alterius sequitur de cortice sanguis (3.33).
- vanis sese occulat umbris (53): cf. classem in convexo nemorum sub rupe cavata / arboribus clausam circum atque horrentibus umbris / occulit (1.310-2).

 

[AoM]

Lines 54-112:

- at regina nova pugnae conterrita sorte (54): synchysis stressing its effect on Amata.
- moritura tenebat (55): cf. moritura tenet (4.308, of Dido).
- per has ego te lacrimas (56): speaker and listener between tears; cf. per ego has lacrimas (4.314, said by Dido).
- lines 56-9: five forms of tu in four lines to show how much Turnus is valued.
- per si quis Amatae / tangit honos animum (56-7): cf. per si qua est quae restet adhuc mortalibus usquam / intemerata fides (2.142f.); si qua piis animis manet infelicis Amatae / gratia (7.401); per si qua est victis venia hostibus (10.903); mentem mortalia tangunt (1.462).
- senectae / tu requies miserae (57f.): cf. tune ille senectae / sera meae requies (9.481f.).
- in te omnis domus inclinata recumbit (59): cf. it cruor inque umeros cervix conlapsa recumbit (9.434); prona trahit penitusque vadis inlisa recumbit (9.713).
- unum oro (60): cf. 6.106; 9.284.
- desiste (60): cf. mene incepto desistere victam (1.37, said by Juno); tempus desistere pugnae (10.441, said by Turnus).
- qui te cumque manent isto certamine casus (61): cf. quae me cumque vocant terrae (1.610); quo res cumque cadent (2.709); quo te cumque lacus miserantem incommoda nostra (8.74); qua se cumque furens medio tulit agmine virgo (11.762).
- nec generum Aenean captiva videbo (63): cf. non ego Myrmidonum sedes Dolopumue superbas / aspiciam aut Grais servitum matribus ibo (2.785-6).
- cui plurimus ignem (65): cf. cui plurima mento (6.299).
- ignem / subiecit (65f.): cf. subiectisque ignibus (11.186).
- rubor et calefacta per ora cucurrit (66): cf. calor et labefacta per ossa cucurrit (8.390).
- sanguineo... / ...rubent (67-8): cf. si quando nocte cometae / sanguinei lugubre rubent (10.272f.).
- talis virgo (69): cf. talis erat Dido (1.503).
- figitque in virgine vultus (70): cf. Turnus ad haec oculos horrenda in virgine fixus (11.507).
- ardet in arma (71): cf. quos ubi confertos ardere in proelia vidi (2.347).
- quaeso (72): cf. at vos, o superi, et divum tu maxime rector / Iuppiter, Arcadii, quaeso, miserescite regis (8.572f.).
- lacrimis... / prosequere (72-3): cf. prosequitur dictis (6.898); prosequitur votis (9.310).
- omine tanto (72): cf. omina tanta (9.21).
- nuntius haec, Idmon, Phrygio mea dicta tyranno / haud placitura refer (75f.): cf. haec laetus longaevo dicta parenti / haud dubitanda refer (3.169f.).
- Phrygio...tyranno (75): cf. Laurentis...tyranni (7.342, of Latinus).
- cum primum crastina (76): cf. et lux cum primum terris se crastina reddet (8.170).
- puniceis invecta rotis Aurora rubebit (77): synchysis; also, cf. puniceis ibant evincti tempora taenis (5.269); caeloque invectus aperto (1.155); saeva Iovis coniunx aurasque invecta tenebat (7.287).
- non Teucros agat in Rutulos (78): cf. Tros Rutulusne fuat (10.108).
- Teucrum arma quiescant (78): cf. gravia arma quiescunt (10.836).
- dirimamus (79): cf. proelia voce diremit (5.467); quattuor in medio dirimit plaga solis iniqui (7.227).
- illo quaeratur coniunx Lavinia campo (80): chiasmus setting the stage, with Lavinia awaiting the winner.
- haec ubi dicta dedit (81): cf. 2.790; 6.628; 7.323; 7.471; 8.541; 10.633.
- in tecta recessit (81): cf. in ventos vita recessit (4.705, of Dido's death).
- Pilumno (83): cf. luco tum forte parentis / Pilumni Turnus sacrata valle sedebat (9.3f.).
- quos ipsa decus dedit Orithyia (83): cf. quas ipsa decus sibi dia Camilla delegit (11.657).
- candore nives (84): cf. candore nivali (3.538).
- pectora plausa cavis et colla comantia pectunt (86): heavy alliteration of p and c; and chiasmus from the previous line.
- auro squalentem (87): cf. per tunicam squalentem auro latus haurit apertum (10.314).
- circumdat loricam umeris (88): cf. circumdat nequiquam umeris et inutile ferrum (2.510, of Priam).
- aptat habendo (88): cf. habilem aptarat (9.305).
- rubrae cornua cristae (89): cf. cristaque tegit galea aurea rubra (9.50, also of Turnus).
- ensem quem Dauno ignipotens deus ipse parenti / fecerat (90f.): cf. fecerat ignipotens (8.628/710, of the events on Aeneas' shield).
- Stygia...unda (91): cf. 6.385; Stygiis...undis (3.215); Stygias...ad undas (7.773).
- mediis... / aedibus (92f.): cf. aedibus in mediis nudoque sub aetheris axe (2.512); congressi iungunt dextras mediisque residunt / aedibus et licito tandem sermone fruuntur (8.467f.).
- ingenti...columnae (92): cf. porta adversa ingens solidoque adamante columnae (6.552); tectum augustum, ingens, centum sublime columnis (7.170).
- aedibus astabat, validam vi corripit hastam (93): assonance of a; also, cf. haec memorans prima infensum vi corripit ignem (5.641); tum magnam corripit hastam (10.335, of Aeneas).
- vociferans (95): cf. talia vociferans (10.651, of Turnus yelling after Aeneas' specter).
- o numquam (95): cf. o numquam dolituri (11.732).
- frustrata (95): cf. inceptus clamor frustratur hiantis (6.493, of shades in the underworld).
- lacerare (98): cf. quid miserum, Aenea, laceras? (3.41).
- semiviri Phrygis et foedare in pulvere crinis / vibratos calido ferro murraque madentis (99f.): cf. et nunc ille Paris cum semiviro comitatu, / Maeonia mentum mitra crinemque madentem (4.215f.).
- his agitur furiis (101): cf. heu furiis incensa feror! (4.376, of Dido); furiisque accensas pectore matres (7.392); hic vero Alcidae furiis exarserat (8.219); ergo omnis furiis surrexit Etruria iustis (8.494); Cassandrae impulsus furiis (10.68, said by Juno of Aeneas).
- totoque ardentis ab ore / scintillae absistunt (101f.): cf. ac primum silici scintillam excudit Achates (1.174); totoque absistite luco (6.259).
- oculis micat acribus ignis (102): cf. crebris micat ignibus aether (1.90)
- lines 103-6: cf. 2.223f.
- irasci (104): cf. nec cuiquam irasci propiusve accedere virtus (10.712).
- arboris obnixus trunco (105): cf. arboris acclinis trunco (10.835, of the dying Mezentius).
- nec minus interea (107): cf. 7.572.
- maternis saevus in armis (107): cf. maternas...avis (6.193); saevum Aenean agnovit Turnus in armis (11.910).
- Aeneas acuit Martem et se suscitat ira (108): cf. variisque acuunt rumoribus iras (9.464); vim suscitat ira (5.454).
- tum socios (110): the only other use at 9.12, of Turnus' comrades.
- fata docens (111): cf. fata renarrabat divum cursusque docebat (3.717); te tua fata docebo (6.759).
- regique iubet responsa Latino (111): cf. vos contra regi mea nunc mandata referte (7.267); Turno regi responsa ferebant (9.369); haec memores regi mandata referte (11.176); quae referant fari iubet, et responsa reposcit / ordine cuncta suo (11.240f.).
- pacis dicere leges (112): cf. sub leges pacis iniquae (4.618).

 

[AoM]

Lines 113-160:

- postera vix summos spargebat lumine montis / orta dies (113f.): cf. postera iamque dies primo surgebat Eoo (3.588); et iam prima novo spargebat lumine terras (4.584/9.459).
- alto...gurgite (114): cf. aut ad terram gurgite ab alto / quam multae glomerantur aves (6.310f.); aeriam sed gurgite ab alto / urgeri volucrum raucarum ad litora nubem (7.704f.); ni roseus fessos iam gurgite Phoebus Hibero / tingat equos (11.913f.).
- lucemque elatis naribus efflant (115): cf. semine ab aetherio spirantis naribus ignem (7.281); efflantem faucibus ignis (7.786).
- dis communibus (118): cf. communemque vocate deum (8.275).
- verbena tempora vincti (120): cf. puniceis ibant evincti tempora taenis (5.269); populeis adsunt evincti tempora ramis (8.286).
- legio Ausonidum (121) cf. legio Aeneadum (10.120).
- hinc Troius omnis / Tyrrhenusque ruit variis exercitus armis (122f.): cf. Teucrique sequuntur / Tyrrhenique omnes et versis Arcades armis (11.92f.); Tyrrhenique duces, Tyrrhenum exercitus omnis (11.171).
- instructi ferro (124): cf. socios simul instruit armis (3.471/8.80).
- si aspera Martis / pugna vocet (124f.): cf. pugna aspera surgit (9.667/11.635).
- mediis in milibus (125): cf. Penthesilea furens, mediisque in milibus ardet (1.491).
- ipsi / ductores auro volitant ostroque superbi (125f.): cf. arte laboratae vestes ostroque superbo (1.639); ipsique in puppibus auro / ductores longe effulgent ostroque decori (5.132f.).
- genus Assaraci Mnestheus (127): cf. genus egregium Fauni (7.213, of Latinus).
- Messapus equum domitor, Neptunia proles (128): cf. 7.691; 9.523.
- defigunt tellure hastas et scuta reclinant (130): cf. stant terra defixae hastae (6.652); arboris acclinis trunco (10.835).
- invalidique senes (132): cf. longaevosque senes ac fessas aequore matres / et quidquid tecum invalidum metuensque pericli est (5.715f.).
- turris ac tecta domorum (132): cf. Dardanidae contra turris ac tota domorum / culmina convellunt (2.445f.); cum muros arcemque procul ac rara domorum / tecta vident (8.98f.); moenibus in patriis atque inter tuta domorum (11.882).
- obsedere, alii portis sublimibus astant (133): cf. obsedere alii telis angusta viarum (2.332); obsedere fores, has servant agmine denso (2.450).
- summo... / prospiciens tumulo (134ff.): hyperbaton stretching over three lines; also, cf. alto / prospiciens (1.126f.); tumulo speculatur ab alto (11.853, of Opis).
- qui nunc Albanus habetur (134): cf. locos qui post Albae de nomine dicti / Albani (tum rex stabula alta Latinus habebat) (9.387f.).
- tum neque nomen erat neque honos aut gloria monti (135): cf. semper honos nomenque tuum laudesque manebunt (1.609); et nunc servat honos sedem tuus, ossaque nomen / Hesperia in magna, si qua est ea gloria, signat (7.3f.).
- campum aspectabat et ambas / Laurentum Troumque acies urbemque Latini (136f.): cf. Laurentisque docet populos urbemque Latini (6.891); castraque Dardanidum aspectat populosque Latinos (10.4).
- diva deam (139): a concentration of divinity; cf. how Turnus referred to Venus (dea mater, 52).
- stagnis quae fluminibusque sonoris / praesidet (139f.): cf. Geticis qui praesidet arvis (3.35).
- decus fluviorum (142): cf. decus Italiae (11.508, of Camilla).
- animo gratissima nostro (142): cf. profugis gratissima Teucris (10.158).
- caelique libens in parte locarim (145): cf. regni demens in parte locavi (4.374, said by Dido to Aeneas).
- qua visa est Fortuna pati Parcaeque sinebant (147): cf. qua tua te Fortuna sinet (6.96); dum fata deusque sinebat (4.651); dum fallere fata sinebant (11.701).
- nunc iuvenem imparibus video concurrere fatis (149): cf. infelix puer atque impar congressus Achilli (1.475); congressum Aenean nec dis nec viribus aequis (5.809); Europae atque Asiae fatis concurrerit orbis (7.224); viribus imparibus (10.459).
- vis inimica propinquat (150): cf. lux inimica propinquat (9.355).
- non pugnam aspicere hanc oculis, non foedera possum (151): cf. iam iam nec maxima Iuno / nec Saturnius haec oculis pater aspicit aequis (4.371f.); quicumque oculis haec aspicit aequis (9.209); hunc ego te, Euryale, aspicio? (9.481); at non, Evandre, pudendis / vulneribus pulsum aspicies (11.55f.).
- forsan miseros meliora sequentur (153): add it to the tattoo pile; also, cf. moniti meliora sequamur (3.188).
- terque quaterque manu pectus percussit honestum (155): cf. terque quaterque manu pectus percussa decorum (4.589, of Dido).
- non lacrimis hoc tempus (156): cf. non hoc ista sibi tempus spectacula poscit (6.37, said by the Sibyl to Aeneas).
- fratrem...eripe morti (157): cf. eripui, fateor, leto me (2.134); teque his ait eripe flammis (2.289).
- bella cie (158): cf. bella cient (1.541); Martemque cientis (9.766).
- conceptumque excute foedus (158): cf. concipe foedus (13).
- exhortata (159): cf. certatim sese Rutuli exhortantur in arma (7.472); natum exhortarer (8.510); exhortantur equos (11.610).
- incertam et tristi turbatam vulnere mentis (160): spondaic line; also, cf. Aeneas, tristi turbatus pectora bello (8.29); tristi turbatus tempore differt (11.470, of Latinus); tristi mulcatam morte Camillam (11.839).

 

[AoM]

Lines 161-215:

- ingenti mole Latinus (161): cf. ingenti mole Chimaeram (5.118/223); at pius Aeneas ingenti mole sepulcrum (6.232).
- quadriiugo vehitur curru (162): cf. qualis Berecyntia mater / invehitur curru (6.784f.); quadriiugis in equos adversaque pectora tendit (10.571).
- bigis it Turnus in albis (164): cf. Aurora in roseis fulgebat lutea bigis (7.26).
- bina manu lato crispans hastilia ferro (165): cf. 1.313 (of Aeneas).
- hinc pater Aeneas (166): cf. hinc Dardanus ortus / Iasiusque pater (3.167f.).
- origo / ... caelestibus armis (166f.): cf. caelestis origo (6.730).
- magnae spes altera Romae (168): chiasmus; also, cf. serva altera Troiae / Pergama (3.86f.).
- puraque in veste sacerdos (169): cf. nec non Threicius longa cum veste sacerdos (6.645).
- saetigeri fetum suis intonsamque bidentem (170): cf. saetigerique sues (7.17); centum lanigeras mactabat rite bidentis (7.93); saetigerosque sues (11.198).
- flagrantibus aris (171): cf. flagrans (167); subject becomes object.
- conversi lumina (172): cf. conversique oculos (11.121).
- dant fruges manibus salsas (173): cf. salsae fruges (2.133).
- paterisque altaria libant (174): cf. libabant pocula Bacchi (3.354); nunc pateras libate Iovi (8.133).
- tum pius Aeneas (175): cf. tum pius Aeneas hastam iacit (10.783).
- stricto...ense (175): cf. strictis...ensibus (7.526); strictum rotat acer Lucagus ensem (10.577).
- esto nunc Sol testis et haec mihi terra vocanti (176): cf. nox et tua testis / dextera (9.288f.).
- quam propter tantos potui perferre labores (177): cf. hunc ego si potui tantum sperare dolorem, / et perferre, soror, potero (4.419f.); taedet pelagi perferre laborem (5.617); ire volunt omnemque fugae perferre laborem (5.769); quam vellent aethere in alto / nunc et pauperiem et duros perferre labores! (6.436f.); tantum potuit perferre dolorem (9.426).
- et pater omnipotens et tu Saturnia coniunx (178): cf. omnipotens Saturnia (7.428).
- iam melior, iam, diva, precor (179): cf. tu vatem, tu, diva, mone (7.41);
- cuncta tuo qui bella, pater, sub numine torques (180): cf. caelum et terras qui numine torquet (4.269); di patrii, quorum semper sub numine Troia est (9.247).
- fontisque fluviosque voco, quaeque aetheris alti (181): sets of alliteration framing the line.
- rebelles / Aeneadae (185f.): cf. Gallumque rebellem (6.858).
- paribus...legibus (190): cf. communem hunc ergo populum paribusque regamus / auspiciis (4.102f.); paribusque in regna vocari / auspiciis (7.256f.).
- invictae gentes (191): cf. cum gente deorum / invictisque viris gerimus (11.305f.).
- aeterna in foedera mittant (191): cf. haec in foedera veni (4.339).
- sacra deosque dabo (192): cf. sacra suosque tibi commendat Troia penatis (2.293); sacra manu victosque deos parvumque nepotem (2.320); tu, genitor, cape sacra manu patriosque penatis (2.717).
- socer arma Latinus habeto, / imperium sollemne socer (192f.): the key word framing the clause.
- sic prior Aeneas (195): cf. sic prior adloquitur (6.341); sic prior adgreditur (6.387).
- suspiciens caelum (196): cf. suspiciens altam Lunam et sic voce precatur (9.403); ut auras / suspiciens hausit caelum mentemque recepit (10.898f.).
- terram, mare, sidera, iuro (197): cf. maria aspera iuro (6.351); per sidera iuro (6.458).
- Ianumque bifrontem (198): cf. Ianique bifrontis imago (7.180).
- vimque deum infernam (199): cf. odora canum vis (4.132); caelestum vis magna iubet (7.432).
- tango aras (201): cf. arasque tenentem (4.219); arasque tenebat (6.124).
- nulla dies (202): cf. me nulla dies tam fortibus ausis / dissimilem arguerit (9.281f.); nulla dies umquam memori vos eximet aevo (9.447).
- nec foedera rumpet (202): cf. nullus amor populis nec foedera sunto (4.624); poscant acies et foedera rumpant (8.540).
- quo res cumque cadent (203): cf. 2.709.
- diluvio miscens (205): cf. diluvio ex illo (7.228).
- ut sceptrum hoc (dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat) (206): cf. at ramum hunc (aperit ramum qui veste latebat) (6.406, of the Sibyl with the Golden Bough); telum immane manu valida quod forte gerebat (11.552).
- numquam fronde levi fundet virgulta nec umbras (207): cf. frondem ac virgulta facesque (5.661).
- artificis manus (210): cf. artificumque manus inter se operumque laborem (1.455)
- talibus inter se...dictis (212): cf. talibus inter se dictis (8.359).
- firmabant foedera (212): cf. foedera firment (11.330).
- conspectu in medio (213): cf. namque ut conspectu in medio turbatus, inermis (2.67).
- in flammam iugulant pecudes (214): cf. 11.199.
- cumulantque oneratis lancibus aras (215): cf. 8.284.

 

[AoM]

Lines 216-265:

- adiuvat (219): cf. adiuvat et magna proclamat voce Diores (5.345); ire prior Pallas, si qua fors adiuvet ausum / viribus imparibus (10.458f.).
- demisso lumine (220): cf. voltum demissa (1.561, of Dido); deiecit vultum et demissa voce locuta est (3.320, of Andromache).
- iuvenali in corpore pallor (221): cf. pallor simul occupat ora (4.499, of Dido; the only other use); iuvenali in corpore vires (5.475, of the aging Entellus).
- quem simul ac Iuturna soror crebrescere vidit (222): cf. quam simul ac tali persensit peste teneri (4.90); late Latio increbrescere nomen (8.14).
- in medias acies formam adsimulata Camerti (224): assonance of a.
- proavis (225): cf. proavosque petamus (3.129); Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum (8.54).
- acerrimus armis (226): cf. 9.176 (of Nisus).
- in medias dat sese acies haud nescia rerum (227): cf. ergo inter medias sese haud ignara nocendi (5.618, of Iris); ne fati nescia Dido (1.299); rerumque ignarus (8.730, of Aeneas); seseque haud nescia morti / inicit (9.552f., of a wild animal); nescia mens hominum fati sortisque futurae (10.501).
- rumoresque serit varios (228): cf. variisque acuunt rumoribus iras (9.464).
- non pudet (229): cf. non pudet obsidione iterum valloque teneri (9.598).
- obiectare (230): cf. rursus caput obiectare periclis (2.751, said by Aeneas).
- quorum se devovet aris (234): cf. vobis animam hanc soceroque Latino / Turnus ego, haud ulli veterum virtute secundus, / devovi (11.440ff.).
- nos patria amissa (236): cf. nos patria incensa (3.325, said by Andromache of Troy).
- dominis parere superbis (236): cf. dominos dignabere Teucros (10.866).
- consedimus arvis (237): cf. nec venit in mentem quorum consederis arvis? (4.39).
- talibus incensa...dictis (238): cf. talibus incensus dictis (5.719, of Aeneas).
- magis atque magis (239): cf. 2.299.
- ipsi Laurentes mutati ipsique Latini (240): balanced line reflecting the unanimity of their forces.
- requiem pugnae (241): cf. requies...laborum (3.393).
- salutem / sperabant (241f.): cf. una salus victis nullam sperare salutem (2.354).
- nunc arma volunt (242): cf. arma velit poscatque simul rapiatque iuventus (7.340).
- Turni sortem miserantur iniquam (243): cf. sortemque animo miseratus iniquam (6.332, of Aeneas toward the dead).
- his aliud maius (244): cf. hic aliud maius miseris multoque tremendum (2.199).
- alto / dat signum caelo (244f.): cf. ni signum caelo Cytherea dedisset aperto (8.523).
- quo non praesentius ullum (245): cf. 152; quo non praestantior alter (6.164); quo non felicior alter (9.772).
- turbavit mentes (246): cf. sed res animos incognita turbat (1.515); turbati animi (8.4/11.451); turbataque funere mens est (11.3).
- namque volans rubra fulvus Iovis ales in aethra (247): chiasmus; also, cf. aetheria quos lapsa plaga Iovis ales aperto / turbabat caelo (1.394f.); namque volans liquidis in nubibus arsit harundo (5.525); ipse volans tenuis se sustulit ales ad auras (5.861).
- turbamque sonantem (248): cf. turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis (3.233, of the Harpies); conventus trahit in medios turbamque sonantem (6.753).
- agminis aligeri (249): continuing the assonance from the previous line; also, cf. aligerum...Amorem (1.663).
- pedibus...uncis (250): cf. turba sonans praedam pedibus circumvolat uncis (3.233, of the Harpies); quem praepes ab Ida / sublimem pedibus rapuit Iovis armiger uncis (5.254f.); qualis ubi aut leporem aut candenti corpore cycnum / sustulit alta petens pedibus Iovis armiger uncis (9.563f.); comprensamque tenet pedibusque eviscerat uncis (11.723).
- arrexere animos Itali (251): cf. his animum arrecti dictis (1.579).
- cunctaeque volucres / convertunt clamore (251f.): alliteration of c.
- mirabile visu (252): cf. visu mirabile monstrum (10.637).
- facta nube (254): cf. volucrum...nubem (7.705).
- augurium Rutuli clamore salutant (257): cf. Italiam laeto socii clamore salutant (3.524).
- hoc erat, hoc votis inquit quod saepe petivi (259): cf. hoc erat, alma parens, quod me per tela, per ignis / eripis (2.664f.).
- accipio agnoscoque deos (260): cf. ut te, fortissime Teucrum, / accipio agnoscoque libens! (8.154f., said by Evander to Aeneas).
- me, me duce (260): cf. me duce Dardanius Spartam expugnavit adulter, / aut ego tela dedi fovive Cupidine bella? (10.92f.).
- O miseri (261): cf. O miseri. te, Turne, nefas, te triste manebit (7.596).
- quos improbus (261): cf. quos improba ventris / exegit caecos rabies (2.356f.).
- litora vestra / vi populat (262f.): cf. non nos aut ferro Libycos populare Penatis / venimus, aut raptas ad litora vertere praedas (1.527f.).
- vi populat. petet ille fugam penitusque profundo (263): alliteration of p.
- vos unanimi (264): cf. tu potes unanimos armare in proelia fratres (7.335).
- cf. densete catervas (264): cf. clipeataque totis / agmina densentur campis (7.793f.); addensent acies (10.432); et nunc lenta manu spargens hastilia denset (11.650).

 

[AoM]

Lines 266-310:

- dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostis (266): cf. dixit, et adversi contra stetit ora iuvenci (5.477); at pater omnipotens densa inter nubila telum / contorsit (6.592f.).
- procurrens (267): cf. et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent (9.690); qualis ubi alterno procurrens gurgite pontus (11.624).
- sonitum dat...auras (267): cf. sonitum dedit hasta per auras (11.799).
- stridula cornus (267): cf. volat Itala cornus (9.698).
- cunei (269): cf. cuneosque theatri (5.664).
- turbati cunei calefactaque corda tumultu (269): cf. extemplo turbati animi, simul omne tumultu (8.4).
- ut forte (270): cf. caesis ut forte iuvencis (5.329); cuneis ut forte coactis (7.509).
- fratrum (270): cf. ni fratrum stipata cohors foret obvia (10.328).
- corpora constiterant contra (271): triple alliteration.
- egregium forma iuvenem et fulgentibus armis (275): cf. 6.861, of Marcellus.
- transadigit costas fulvaque effundit harena (276): cf. transadigit costas et candida pectora rumpit (9.432); fulva moribundum extendit harena (5.374); fulva luctantur harena (6.643).
- corripiunt caecique ruunt (279): alliteration and repetition of sound to convey the brothers' unison.
- procurrunt (280): cf. 267.
- hinc densi rursus inundant (280): cf. inundant sanguine fossae (10.24/11.382).
- pictis Arcades armis (281): cf. pictis conspectus in armis (8.588); pictis bellantur Amazones armis (11.660).
- sic omnis amor unus habet decernere ferro (282): cf. his amor unus erat pariterque in bella ruebant (9.182); ipsum armis ipsumque iubent decernere ferro (11.218).
- diripuere aras (283): cf. diripuere focos (9.75).
- focosque ferunt. fugit (285): triple alliteration.
- pulsatos referens infecto foedere divos (286): chiasmus.
- infrenant (287): cf. Numidae infreni (4.41); infrenis equi (10.750).
- corpora saltu / subiciunt in equos (287f.): cf. corpora saltu / ad terram misere (2.565f.); a connection highlighting the death to come.
- regem regisque insigne gerentem (289): cf. regem regumque parentem (6.765).
- Tyrrhenum Aulesten (290): cf. it gravis Aulestes (10.207).
- avidus confundere foedus (290): cf. avidi coniungere dextras / ardebant (1.514f.); qui quondam iussus confundere foedus (5.496).
- involvitur... / in caput (292f.): cf. volvitur in caput (1.116).
- fervidus advolat hasta (293): cf. fervidus ira (8.230/9.736).
- orantem multa (294): cf. oranti et multa precanti (11.697).
- desuper altus equo graviter ferit atque ita fatur (295): dactylic line contrasting with the previous (spondaic) line; slow begging and the readying of his weapon followed by a swift blow; also, cf. pars arduus altis / pulverulentus equis furit (7.624f.).
- hoc habet, haec melior magnis data victima divis (296): triple followed by double alliteration; and victim entwined with gods.
- ambustum torrem (298): cf. torre armatus obusto (7.506).
- Corynaeus (298): cf. Corynaeum sternit Asilas (9.571).
- venienti Ebyso plagamque ferenti (299): cf. iamque adsurgentis dextra plagamque ferentis (10.797).
- occupat os (300): cf. sed Latagum saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis / occupat os faciemque adversam (10.698f.).
- ambusta (301): cf. 298; burning brand becomes burning beard.
- super ipse secutus (301): cf. 10.893.
- caesariem laeva turbati corripit hostis (302): cf. implicuitque comam laeva (2.552, of Priam's death).
- terrae applicat ipsum (303): cf. capulo tenus applicat ensem (10.536).
- sic rigido latus ense ferit (304): cf. rigida Dryopem ferit eminus hasta (10.346).
- ense sequens nudo (306): cf. ense levis nudo (9.548); ense pedes nudo (11.711).
- superimminet (306): cf. imminet Ida super (10.158).
- ille securi / ... reducta (306f.): cf. ille reducta / ... hasta (10.552f.).
- frontem mediam (307): cf. mediam ferro gemina inter tempora frontem (9.750).
- sparso late rigat arma cruore (308): cf. vulnus calido rigat ora cerebro (11.698).
- olli dura quies oculos et ferreus urget / somnus, in aeternam conduntur lumina noctem (309f.): repeated from 10.745f.

 

[AoM]

Lines 311-361:

- dextram tendebat inermem (311): cf. frater tendebat intertis / infelix palmas (10.595f.); dextras tendamus inertis (11.414).
- nudato capite (312): cf. galeam ante pedes proiecit inanem (5.673, of Ascanius).
- quo ruitis? quaeve ista repens discordia surgit? (313): cf. aut quo ruis? (2.520, Hecube to Priam); quis furor iste novus? quo nunc, quo tenditis (5.670, said by Ascanius).
- me sinite atque auferte metus. ego foedera faxo / firma manu (316f.): alliteration of t, m, f; also, cf. haud sibi cum Danais rem faxo et pube Pelasga / esse ferant (9.154f.).
- media inter talia verba (318): cf. atque illam media inter talia (4.663, of Dido's last words); nec non Aeneas opera inter talia primus (6.183).
- mihi ius concurrere soli (315): cf. solus ego in Pallanta feror, soli mihi Pallas / debetur (10.442f.); the cycle of revenge rears its head.
- stridens alis adlapsa sagitta est (319): cf. alis adlapsa sagitta (9.578).
- incertum (320): cf. 2.738ff., of the reason for Creusa falling behind.
- quo turbine adacta (320): cf. quo turbine torqueat hastam (11.284, Diomedes describing Aeneas).
- casusne deusne (321): cf. si quis in adversum rapiat casusve deusve (9.211).
- pressa est insignis gloria facti (322): cf. non ipse suo premit ore Latinus (7.103).
- nec sese Aeneae iactavit vulnere quisquam (323): cf. iactantior Ancus (6.815); nec Romula quondam / ullo se tantum tellus iactabit alumno (6.876f.); vulnere tardus Ulixi (2.436; good example of subjective vs. objective genitive).
- Turnus ut (324): cf. 1.
- atque arma simul, saltuque superbus (326): assonance and alliteration.
- multa virum volitans dat fortia corpora leto (328): cf. corpora multa virum circa seniorque Galaesus (7.535); obvia multa virum demittit corpora morti (10.662).
- seminecis volvit multos (329): cf. corpora seminecisque viros (9.455).
- raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas (330): cf. hinc raptas fugientibus ingerit hastas (9.763, also of Turnus).
- qualis apud gelidi cum flumina concitus Hebri (331): cf. quales Threiciae cum flumina Thermodontis (11.659).
- furentis / ... immittit equos (332f.): cf. furentisque / exhortantur equos (11.609f.).
- Iraeque Insidiaeque (336): reminiscent of the imagery in the underworld (6.273ff.).
- talis equos alacer media inter proelia Turnus (337): cf. sic ruit in densos alacer Mezentius hostis (10.729).
- fumantis sudore (338): a striking image.
- quatit ... / ... insultans (338f.): cf. Tisiphone quatit insultans (6.571); Turnus as Fury.
- spargit rapida ungula rores / sanguineos (339f.): cf. sparsi rorabant sanguine vepres (8.645).
- hunc congressus et hunc, illum eminus; eminus ambo (342): repetition in words to convey repetition in actions.
- Imbrasidas (343): cf. Asius Imbrasides (10.123).
- vel conferre manum vel equo praevertere ventos (345): cf. volucremque fuga praevertitur Hebrum (1.317); cursuque pedum praevertere ventos (7.807); et conferre manum et procurrere longius audent (9.690).
- parte alia (346): cf. 8.433/682; 9.521.
- media...in proelia (346): cf. media inter proelia (337).
- antiqui proles bello praeclara Dolonis (347): chiasmus, with war in the center.
- nomine avum referens (348): cf. nomen avi referens Priamus (5.564).
- pro talibus ausis (351): cf. at tibi pro scelere, exclamat, pro talibus ausis (2.535, of Priam yelling at Pyrrhus).
- curru desilit (355): cf. desiluit Turnus biiugis (10.453).
- pede collo / impresso (356f.): cf. impressoque genu nitens (303).
- haec insuper addit (358): cf. verbis haec insuper addit (11.107).
- en agros et, quam bello, Troiane, petisti (359): cf. dabitur, Troiane, quod optas (7.260).
- sic moenia condunt (361): cf. Mavortia condet / moenia (1.276f.); advenisse diem quo debita moenia condant (7.145); as Virgil would say, fata viam invenient.

 

[AoM]

Lines 362-410:

- coniecta cuspide (362): cf. conversa cuspide (1.81).
- Thymoeten (364): cf. Hicetaoniusque Thymoetes (10.123).
- Boreae (365): cf. ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori / missus adest (3.687f.); ac velut annoso validam cum robore quercum / Alpini Boreae nunc hinc nunc flatibus illinc / eruere inter se certant (4.441ff.); tris quoque Threicios Boreae de gente suprema (10.350).
- qua venti incubuere (367): cf. incubuere mari (1.84, also of winds).
- quacumque viam secat (368): cf. ille viam secat (6.899, of Aeneas).
- non tulit instantem Phegeus animisque frementem (371): cf. non tulit hanc speciem furiata mente Coroebus (2.407); non tulit Alcides animis (8.256); talia iactantem dictis ac dira canentem / non tulit Ascanius (9.621f.); haud tulit Aeneas tanto fervore furentis (10.578).
- obiecit sese ad currum (372): cf. obiciunt equites sese ad divortia nota (9.379).
- spumantia frenis (372): cf. frena ferox spumantia mandit (4.135).
- bilicem / loricam (375f.): cf. auroque trilicem / loricam (7.639f.); nec duplici squama lorica fidelis et auro (9.707).
- abstulit ense caput truncumque reliquit harenae (382): cf. caput Evandrius abstulit ensis (10.394); tum caput ipsi aufert domino truncumque relinquit (9.332).
- atque ea dum campis victor dat funera Turnus (383): cf. atque ea per campos aequo dum Marte geruntur (7.540); atque ea diversa penitus dum parte geruntur (9.1); huic capiti insultans tot ferro saeva dedisset / funera (8.570f.); quae funera Turnus / ediderit (9.526f.); talia per campos edebat funera ductor / Dardanius (10.602f.); dant funera ferro (11.646).
- Ascaniusque comes castris statuere cruentum (385): alliteration of c.
- alternos longa nitentem cuspide gressus (386): chiastic arrangement supporting the wounded hero in the center.
- infracta...harundine (387): cf. infractos...Latinos (1).
- quae proxima (388): cf. defessi Aeneadae, quae proxima litora, cursu / contendunt petere (1.157f.); qui patet in bivio portae quae proxima ponto (9.238).
- telique latebram / rescindant penitus (389f.): cf. tum latebras animae pectus mucrone recludit (10.601).
- iamque aderat (391): cf. iamque aderit multo Priami de sanguine Pyrrhus (2.662).
- Iasides (392): cf. Iaside Palinure (5.843).
- celerisque sagittas (394): cf. constitit hic, arcumque manu celerisque sagittas / corripuit (1.187f., of Aeneas).
- mutas...inglorius artis (397): cf. positis inglorius armis (10.52).
- acerba fremens (398): cf. acerba tuens (9.794).
- Aeneas magno iuvenum et maerentis Iuli / concursu (399f.): cf. cum subito Aeneas concursu accedere magno (1.509).
- lacrimis immobilis (400): cf. soloque immobilis haeret (7.250, of Latinus).
- retorto / ... amictu (400f.): cf. demissa ab laeva pantherae terga retorquens (8.460).
- Paeonium in morem (401): cf. Paeoniis revocatum herbis (7.769).
- multa manu medica Phoebique potentibus herbis (402): alliteration throughout.
- prensatque tenaci forcipe ferrum (404): cf. versantque tenaci forcipe massam (8.453).
- auctor Apollo (405): cf. deus auctor Apollo (8.336).
- saevus campis magis ac magis horror / crebrescit (406f.): cf. clarescunt sonitus armorumque ingruit horror (2.301); at me tum primum saevus circumstetit horror (2.559).
- spicula castris / densa cadunt mediis (408f.): synchysis emphasizing the assault.
- it tristis ad aethera clamor (409): cf. quo tristis Erinys, / quo fremitus vocat et sublatus ad aethera clamor (2.337f.).
- bellantum iuvenum et duro sub Marte cadentum (410): cf. defendentum armis aditus inque arma ruentum (11.886).

 

[AoM]

Lines 411-467:

- hic Venus indigno nati concussa dolore (411): cf. at pater Aeneas casu concussus acerbo (5.700).
- puberibus caulem foliis et flore comantem / purpureo (413f.): alliteration in triple chiastic arrangement.
- non illa feris incognita capris gramina (414f.): synchysis, with the goats amid the grasses.
- medicans (418): cf. medicatis frugibus (6.420); sed non Dardaniae medicari cuspidis ictum (7.756).
- spargitque salubris / ambrosiae sucos (418f.): sibilance in the goddess' assistance.
- vulnus lympha longaevus (420): alliteration of l.
- arma citi properate viro! (425): cf. arma acri facienda viro (8.441).
- conclamat primusque animos accendit in hostem (426): cf. Italiam primus conclamat Achates (3.523).
- non arte magistra (427): cf. omni nunc arte magistra (8.442).
- opera ad maiora remittit (429): cf. aut quae me ad maiora reservo? (4.368).
- avidus pugnae (430): cf. avidum pugnae (9.661, of Ascanius); father and son eager for battle.
- suras incluserat auro (430): cf. surasque incluserat auro (11.488, of Turnus); another connection to complete the line.
- delibans oscula fatur (434): cf. oscula libavit natae, dehinc talia fatur (1.256, Jupiter to Venus).
- mea dextera (436): cf. 428; two contrasting right hands.
- et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitet Hector (440): cf. et pater Aeneas et avunculus excitat Hector (3.343, Andromache to Aeneas).
- haec ubi dicta dedit (441): cf. 81, of Turnus.
- portis sese extulit ingens (441): cf. corripuit sese et tectis citus extulit altis (11.462).
- telum immane manu quatiens (442): cf. telum immane manu valida quod forte gerebat (11.552).
- agmine denso (442): cf. agmine denso / consistunt (9.788f.).
- pulsuque pedum tremit excita tellus (445): cf. pulsuque pedum conterrita tellus (7.722).
- ab adverso...aggere (446): cf. primus ab adversa conclamat mole Caicus (9.35).
- gelidusque per ima cucurrit / ossa tremor (447f.): repeated from 2.120f.; also cf. gelidus Teucris per dura cucurrit / ossa tremor (6.54f.).
- prima ante omnis (448): cf. primus ibi ante omnis magna comitante caterva (2.40); primus abit longeque ante omnia corpora Nisus (5.318); primum ante omnis victorem appellat Acesten (5.540).
- mare per medium (452): cf. mare per medium fluctu suspensa tumenti (7.810, of Camilla).
- arboribus stragemque satis (454): cf. arboribusque satisque lues et letifer annus (3.139).
- in adversos ductor Rhoeteius hostis (456): surrounded by the enemy in chiastic arrangement.
- cuneis...coactis (457): cf. quadrifidam quercum cuneis ut forte coactis (7.509).
- primus in adversos telum qui torserat hostis (461): cf. dixit, et adversos telum contorsit in hostis (266).
- ipse neque aversos dignatur sternere morti (464): cf. atque idem fugientem haud est dignatus Oroden / sternere (10.732f.).
- vestigat lustrans (467): cf. hac Arruns subit et tacitus vestigia lustrat (11.763, stalking Camilla).
- solum in certamina poscit (467): cf. solum posci in certamina Turnum (11.221); quod si me solum Teucri in certamina poscunt (434).

 

[AoM]

Lines 468-528:

- hoc concussa metu mentem (468): cf. casuque animum concussus amici (5.869).
- aurigam...media inter lora (469): cf. aurigae undantia lora (5.146).
- cuncta gerens, vocemque et corpus et arma Metisci (472): cf. virginis os habitumque gerens, et virginis arma / Spartanae (1.315f., of Venus).
- magnas domini...divitis aedes (473): chiasmus.
- alta atria lustrat (474): cf. atria longa patescunt (2.483); vacua atria lustrat (2.528).
- pabula parva legens nidisque loquacibus escas (475): several rare words, with food on both sides for the noisy nest; with stagna below (477), cf. dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni (10.458).
- porticibus vacuis (476): cf. porticibus longis fugit (2.528); iam porticibus vacuis Iunonis asylo (2.761).
- stagna sonat: similis medios Iuturna per hostis (477): sibilance as a sister aids her sibling.
- fertur equis (478): cf. fertur equis, curruque haeret resupinus inani (1.476); cetera Trinacriis pubes senioris Acestae / fertur equis (5.573f.); ergo inter caedes cedentiaque agmina Tarchon / fertur equo (11.729f.).
- rapidoque volans obit omnia curru (478): cf. obitque truci procul omnia visu (10.447).
- iamque hic germanum iamque hic ostentat ovantem (479): spondaic line, repetition with two elisions, and capped off with assonance.
- vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna / voce vocat (482f.): assonance of a and alliteration of v.
- alipedumque...equorum (484): cf. instratos ostro alipedes pictisque tapetis (7.277).
- heu, quid agat? (486): cf. 4.283, of Aeneas before he confronts Dido.
- vario nequiquam fluctuat aestu (486): cf. magnoque irarum fluctuat aestu (4.532, of Dido); magno curarum fluctuat aestu (8.19); haec memorans animo nunc huc, nunc fluctuat illuc (10.680, of Turnus).
- diversaeque vocant animum in contraria curae (487): his concerns envelop the line; also, cf. scinditur incertum studia in contraria vulgus (2.39).
- uti laeva duo forte gerebat (488): cf. dextra sceptrum nam forte gerebat (206).
- praefixa hastilia ferro (489): cf. cornea bina ferunt praefixa hastilia ferro (5.557); pastoralem praefixa cuspide myrtum (7.817); hic Turnus ferro praefixum robur acuto (10.479).
- derigit (490): with huic above, cf. Ilo namque procul validam derexerat hastam (10.401).
- substitit Aeneas (491): cf. substitit Aeneas gemituque haec addidit alto (11.95, at Pallas' funeral).
- se collegit in arma (491): cf. tendit in adversos seque in sua colligit arma (10.412).
- apicem tamen incita summum / hasta tulit summasque excussit vertice cristas (492f.): spear between its two targets.
- tum vero adsurgunt irae, insidiisque subactus (494): sibilance and two elisions for Aeneas' anger.
- multa Iovem et laesi testatus foederis aras (496): cf. multa Iovem manibus supplex orasse supinis (4.205, of Iarbas); multa deos aurasque pater testatus inanis (7.593, of Latinus).
- Marte secundo (497): cf. secundo / Marte (10.21); 11.899.
- terribilis saevam nullo discrimine caedem / suscitat (498f.): Aeneas' actions surround the clause, with his butchery next, and then the key ablative in the center; also, cf. Tros Tyriusque mihi nullo discrimine agetur (1.574); Tros Rutulusne fuat, nullo discrimine habebo (10.108).
- irarumque omnis effundit habenas (499): cf. manibusque omnis effundit habenas (5.818, of Neptune); saepsit se tectis rerumque reliquit habenas (7.600); Latinus and Aeneas using their "reins" in two very different ways.
- aequore toto / ... agit (501f.): cf. praecipitemque Daren ardens agit aequore toto (5.456).
- aeterna gentis in pace futuras (504): synchysis stressing how destined the two are; also, cf. invictae gentes aeterna in foedera mittant (191).
- haud multa morantem (506): cf. ipse pater dextram Anchises haud multa moratus (3.610).
- crudum / transadigit costas et cratis pectoris ensem (507f.): cf. crudum per costas exigat ensem (10.682, of Turnus contemplating suicide).
- curruque abscisa duorum / suspendit capita (511f.): as with celerrima, crudum / ...costas et cratis above, alliteration of c to emphasize the cutting and hacking.
- rorantia sanguine (512): cf. rorantis sanguine cristas (11.8).
- congressu (514): cf. congressus (510); the two in unison during their killing sprees.
- piscosae...Lernae (518): cf. piscosos scopulos humilis volat aequora iuxta (4.255); piscosove amne Padusae (11.457).
- pauperque domus (519): cf. pauperque senatus (8.105).
- immissi diversis partibus ignes (521): chiasmus for the fires' range.
- virgulta sonantia lauro (522): cf. virgulta sonantia silvae (6.704).
- decursu rapido de montibus altis (523): repetition of de heightening the descent.
- dant sonitum spumosi amnes (524): sibilance of the streams; also, cf. dant sonitum flictu galeae (9.667); dant sonitum rauci per stagna loquacia cycni (11.458).
- rumpuntur ... / pectora (527f.): dant sonitu ingenti perfractaque quadripedantum / pectora pectoribus rumpunt (11.614f.).

 

[AoM]

Lines 529-592:

- Murranum hic, atavos et avorum antiqua sonantem (529): assonance; also, cf. Turnus, avis atavisque potens (7.56); the trend continues of giving Turnus allusions to Aeneas' victims.
- scopulo atque ingentis turbine saxi (531): cf. saxo atque ingenti fragmine montis (9.569).
- excutit effunditque solo (532): cf. impulit effunditque solo (380, of Turnus).
- crebro (533): preparing us for the final result (fixo...cerebro, 537).
- incita (534): cf. 492, of a hasta; again preparing us for Murranus' cause of death (stetit hasta, 537).
- proculcat equorum (534): heightened suspense, as Virgil delays the two key words until the very end; he's trampled, by his own horses.
- ille...Hyllo (535): cf. Murranum hic (529); Aeneas/Turnus and their victims in chiastic arrangement.
- animisque...frementi (535): cf. animisque frementem (371, of Turnus); one was more successful than the other with their roaring.
- occurrit telumque aurata ad tempora torquet (536): two elisions allow for a spondaic line, with alliteration of t throughout.
- fixo stetit hasta cerebro (537): literally.
- dextera nec tua te ... / texere (538f.): cf. nec te tua plurima, Panthu, / labentem pietas nec Apollinis infula texit (2.429f.).
- Graium fortissime (538): cf. O Danaum fortissime gentis (1.96); fortissime Teucrum (8.154).
- clipei mora (541): cf. loricaeque moras (10.485).
- te quoque Laurentes viderunt, Aeole, campi / oppetere (542): cf. te quoque magnanimae viderunt, Ismare, gentes (10.139); oppetere (1.96); mene Iliacis occumbere campis (1.97).
- sternere (545): cf. consternere (543); one who couldn't be flattened now flattens the earth by himself.
- Priami regnorum eversor (545): cf. eversae...Troiae (10.45).
- domus alta (546): cf. eo dicente deum domus alta silescit (10.101); est domus alta, iacent penitus defossa talenta (10.526).
- Lyrnesi (547): cf. Lyrnesius Acmon (10.128).
- solo Laurente (547): cf. exspectate solo Laurenti arvisque Latinis (8.38).
- conversae acies (548): cf. conversaeque ruunt acies (369).
- Mnestheus acerque Serestus (549): cf. instat Mnestheus acerque Serestus (9.171).
- et Messapus equum domitor et fortis Asilas (550): cf. Mnestheus et fortis Asilas / et Messapus equum domitor (127f.).
- Tuscorumque phalanx Evandrique Arcades alae (551): cf. Tyrrhenique duces Evandrique Arcades alae (11.835).
- pro se quisque viri summa nituntur opum vi (552): cf. tum validis flexos incurvant viribus arcus / pro se quisque viri et depromunt tela pharetris (5.500f.); summaque evertere opum vi (9.532).
- nec mora nec requies, vasto certamine tendunt (553): cf. 5.458; a boxing match that was filled with vastness (nec mora; continuo vastis cum viribus effert, 5.368; vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus, 5.432; pectore vastos / dant sonitus, 5.434f.).
- genetrix pulcherrima (554): cf. non illum nobis genetrix pulcherrima talem (4.227).
- maioris imago (560): cf. visa mihi ante oculos et nota maior imago (2.773); maior Martis iam apparet imago (8.557).
- Mnesthea Sergestumque vocat fortemque Serestum (561): repeated from 4.288.
- tumulumque capit (562): cf. tumulum capit unde omnis longo ordine posset / adversos legere et venientum discere vultus (6.754f., of Anchises); son taking the place of the father.
- segnior ito (566): cf. haud illo segnior ibat / Aeneas (4.149f.).
- causam belli (567): cf. stant belli causae (7.553).
- ni frenum accipere et victi parere fatentur (568): cf. ni dare coniugium et dicto parere fatetur (7.433).
- solo fumantia (569): cf. omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia (3.3); the cycle of destruction.
- haec belli summa nefandi (572): synchysis to prove his point; also, cf. num puero summam belli, num credere muros (10.70).
- ferte faces propere foedusque reposcite flammis (573): fricatives and plosives to end his short speech.
- primosque trucidant (577): cf. rumpunt aditus primosque trucidant (2.494).
- obumbrant aethera telis (578): cf. exstructosque toros obtentu frondis inumbrant (11.66, of Pallas' bier); magnum reginae nomen obumbrat (11.223); Amata's protection of Turnus transforming into a rain of spears.
- ipse inter primos (579): cf. ipse inter primos praestanti corpore Turnus (7.783).
- dextram sub moenia tendit (579): cf. dextera quae Ditis magni sub moenia tendit (6.541); very striking connection.
- trepidos inter discordia civis (583): anastrophe to stress the point; discord is amid the citizens, the citizens are amid discord.
- arma ferunt (586): cf. tot milia gentes / arma ferunt Italae (9.132f.).
- latebroso in pumice (587): cf. cui domus et dulces latebroso in pumice nidi (5.214); the birds and the bees.
- vestigavit (588): very fitting, given how much Aeneas has been tracking Turnus.
- volvitur ater (591): cf. quis globus, o cives, caligine volvitur atra? (9.36); volvitur ad muros caligine turbidus atra / pulvis (11.876f.).
- murmure caeco (591): cf. caeca volutant / murmura (10.98f.).
- intus saxa sonant, vacuas it fumus ad auras (592): sibilance.

 

[AoM]

Lines 593-671:

- accidit haec fessis etiam fortuna Latinis (593): synchysis; Latins and misfortune intertwined.
- concussit...urbem (594): cf. concussam bacchatur Fama per urbem (4.666).
- incessi muros (596): first (and only) use of the verb in the work.
- subito mentem turbata dolore (599): cf. tristi turbatam vulnere mentis (160, of Juturna).
- se causam clamat crimenque caputque malorum (600): heavy alliteration of c; also, cf. o Latio caput horum et causa malorum (11.361, Drances addressing Turnus).
- multaque per maestum demens effata furorem (601): alliteration of m and f.
- pugnae...in certamine (598): cf. ex omni certamine pugnae (11.780).
- flavos...crinis (605): cf. et crinis flavos et membra decora iuventa (4.559); nondum illi flavum Proserpina vertice crinem (4.698).
- laniata (606): cf. atque hic Priamiden laniatum corpore toto (6.494, of Deiphobus); striking parallel.
- resonant late plangoribus aedes (607): cf. penitusque cavae plangoribus aedes (2.487); resonat magnis plangoribus aether (4.668).
- hinc totam infelix vulgatur fama per urbem (608): spondaic line; also, cf. Fama volat parvam subito vulgata per urbem (8.554).
- it scissa veste Latinus (609): cf. tum pius Aeneas umeris abscindere vestem (5.685).
- canitiem immundo perfusam pulvere turpans (611): alliteration; also, cf. sanguine turpantem comptos de more capillos (10.832); canitiem multo deformat pulvere (10.844).
- inlaetabile murmur (619): cf. inlaetabilis ora (3.707); only other use, connecting Turnus and Aeneas.
- quid tanto turbantur moenia luctu? (620): with diversa (621), cf. diverso interea miscentur moenia luctu (2.298).
- tantus diversa clamor ab urbe (621): synchysis of city and screams.
- subsistit (622): cf. substitit Aeneas (491).
- proelia miscet (628): cf. proelia miscent (10.23).
- nec numero inferior pugnae neque honore recedes (630): cf. nec numero nec honore cremant (11.208).
- Turnus ad haec (631): cf. Nisus ad haec (9.207); Turnus ad haec oculos horrenda in virgine fixus (11.507).
- prima per artem (632): cf. his fretus non legatos neque prima per artem / temptamenta tui pepigi (8.143f.).
- Olympo / demissam (634f.): cf. ubi hic Iuno demissave nubibus Iris? (10.73).
- an fratris miseri letum ut crudele videres? (636): cf. infelix, nati funus crudele videbis! (11.53).
- nam quid ago? (637): cf. en, quid ago? (4.534, said by Dido); 10.675, said by Turnus as well.
- vidi oculos ante ipse meos me voce vocantem (638): striking line of repetition as Turnus stammers to name his comrade (in enjambment).
- quo non superat mihi carior alter (639): cf. 245 note.
- oppetere ingentem atque ingenti vulnere victum (640): three straight elisions for his final words on Murranus; also, cf. 10.842, of Lausus.
- nostrum dedecus (641): cf. ob tantum dedecus (10.681, Turnus contemplating suicide); hoc nostris aboleri dedecus armis (11.789, Arruns before killing Camilla).
- Teucri potiuntur corpore et armis (642): cf. egressi optata potiuntur Troes harena (1.172); very much full circle.
- perpetiar (644): cf. ventos perpessus et imbris (9.60, of the wolf/Turnus simile); reality to simile, and back to reality.
- dextra nec Drancis dicta refellam (644): cf. solus ferro crimen commune refellam (16).
- usque adeone mori miserum est? (646): cf. pulchrumque mori succurrit in armis (2.317, said by Aeneas).
- sancta ad vos anima atque istius inscia culpae (648): elisions and hiatus.
- descendam magnorum haud umquam indignus avorum (649): two elisions to ensure a spondaic end to the address to his sister.
- miserere tuorum (653): cf. en supplex venio. miserere tuorum (11.365, Drances to Turnus); I'm imagining a hint of shock on Turnus' face as he recalls Drances' words.
- mussat rex ipse Latinus (657): cf. sed dicere mussant (11.345); flent maesti mussantque patres (11.454).
- lucemque...fugit (660): cf. quo magis inceptum peragat lucemque relinquat (4.452, of Dido); insontes peperere manu lucemque perosi / proiecere animas (6.435f.); si protinus illum / aequasset nocti ludum in lucemque tulisset (9.337f.); nunc vivo neque adhuc homines lucemque relinquo. / sed linquam (10.855f.).
- acer Atinas (661): cf. fugit acer Atinas (11.869); a very different role this time around.
- stant densae strictisque seges mucronibus horret (663): sibilance; cf. atraque late / horrescit strictis seges ensibus (7.525f.).
- tu currum deserto in gramine versas (664): a scathing end to spur on his commander.
- obstipuit varia confusus imagine rerum (665): cf. rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet (8.730, of Aeneas); joy and despair at the events told, past and future.
- dum stupet, obtutu tacito stetit (666): alliteration of t; also, cf. obtutuque haeret defixus in uno (1.495, of Aeneas as he gazes at his past); obtutu tenet ora soloque immobilis haeret (7.250, of Latinus).
- aestuat ingens / uno in corde pudor mixtoque insania luctu (666f.): repeated from 10.870f., of Mezentius; both men Aeneas' victims.
- furiis agitatus amor et conscia virtus (668): cf. his agitur furiis (101); scelerum furiis agitatus Orestes (3.331); tum pudor incendit viris et conscia virtus (5.455).
- ardentis oculorum orbis ad moenia torsit (670): periphrasis for Turnus' passion; repetition of -is and -or.

 

[AoM]

Lines 672-725:

- flammis inter tabulata (672): cf. qua summa labantis / iuncturas tabulata dabant (2.463f.); flammam adfixit lateri, quae plurima vento / corripuit tabulas et postibus haesit adesis (9.536f.).
- pontisque instraverat altos (675): cf. turris erat vasto suspectu et pontibus altis (9.530); interea Aeneas socios de puppibus altis / pontibus exponit (10.287f.); pontis transilit altos (10.658).
- iam iam fata, soror, superant, absiste morari (676): sibilance and repetition of -or.
- quo deus et quo dura vocat Fortuna sequamur (677): cf. hac, Turne, sequamur (625, role reversal); Fortuna salutis / monstrat iter, quaque ostendit se dextra, sequamur (2.387f.); superat quoniam Fortuna, sequamur, / quoque vocat vertamus iter (5.22f.); nate dea, quo fata trahunt retrahuntque sequamur (5.709, Nautes to Aeneas).
- stat conferre manum Aeneae (678): cf. stat casus renovare omnis (2.750, said by Aeneas).
- hunc, oro, sine me furere ante furorem (680): cf. hunc, oro, defende furorem (10.905, Mezentius right before he's killed by Aeneas); Turnus' own nears.
- saltum dedit (681): cf. corpora saltu / ad terram misere aut ignibus aegra dedere (2.565f.); ominous.
- montis saxum de vertice (684): cf. accipiens sonitum saxi de vertice pastor (2.308).
- turbidus imber (685): cf. turbidus imber aqua densisque nigerrimus Austris (5.696).
- proluit aut annis soluit sublapsa vetustas (686): sibilance and assonance.
- fertur in abruptum (687): cf. sorbet in abruptum (3.422, of Charybdis).
- magno mons improbus actu (687): chiasmus and striking adjective.
- silvas armenta virosque / involvens secum (688f.): cf. aqua involvens navemque virosque (6.336).
- disiecta per agmina Turnus (689): cf. vestigatque virum et disiecta per agmina magna / voce vocat (482f., of Aeneas chasing after Turnus).
- plurima fuso / sanguine terra (690f.): chiasmus of blood and soil across two lines; also, cf. atro tepefacta cruore / terra torique madent (9.333f.).
- parcite iam, Rutuli (693): cf. tuque prior, tu parce, genus qui ducis Olympo (6.834); cetera parce, puer, bello (9.656).
- quaecumque est fortuna, mea est (694): two prodelisions; also tattoo-worthy.
- verius (694): first use in the work of this construction.
- deserit et muros et summas deserit arces (698): double repetition for Aeneas' determination.
- praecipitatque moras omnis (699): cf. praecipitate moras (8.443).
- stupet ipse Latinus / ingentis ... / ... viros (708ff.): cf. nuntius ingentis ignota in veste reportat / advenisse viros (7.167f.); receiving a report to becoming a witness himself.
- dat gemitum tellus (713): cf. dat tellus gemitum (9.709); dat gemitum rumpitque has imo pectore voces (11.377, of Turnus before addressing Drances).
- tum crebros ensibus ictus / congeminant (713f.): cf. nunc dextra ingeminans ictus, nunc ille sinistra (5.457, of the boxing match); capiti nec sufficit umbo / ictibus; ingeminant hastis (9.810f.); congeminat (11.698).
- stat pecus omne metu mutum, mussantque iuvencae (718): alliteration of m for their muted trembling; cf. molle pecus mutumque metu (9.341).
- quis nemori imperitet, quem tota armenta sequantur (719): only use of imperitare in the work; also, cf. hos tota armenta sequuntur (1.185); another full circle connection.
- illi inter sese multa vi vulnera miscent (720): alliteration and spondaic line; cf. illi inter sese multa vi bracchia tollunt (8.452, of the Cyclopes); illi inter sese duri certamina belli / contulerant (10.146f.).
- Tros Aeneas et Daunius heros (723): cf. Turnus agit, nunc Troius heros (502); reversal, though Aeneas keeps his epithet.
- concurrunt clipeis, ingens fragor aethera complet (724): crackling alliteration; also, cf. fragor increpat ingens (8.527).
- duas aequato examine lances (725): chiastic arrangement, perfectly used with the scales on each side.

 

[AoM]

Lines 728-790:

- corpore toto / alte sublatum consurgit Turnus in ensem (728f.): cf. toto conixus corpore (10.127); sublatum alte consurgit in ensem (9.749, also of Turnus); in clipeum adsurgat, quo turbine torqueat hastam (11.284, of Aeneas).
- arrectaeque amborum acies (731): triple assonance, with elisions making them one giant word; their feelings are exactly the same.
- fugit ocior Euro (733): cf. emicat et ventis et fulminis ocior alis (5.319, of Nisus during the footrace); fugit ilicet ocior Euro (8.223, of Cacus fleeing Hercules); fugit illa per undas / ocior et iaculo et ventos aequante sagitta (10.247f., of Cymodocea).
- idque diu, dum terga dabant palantia Teucri (738): alliteration.
- arma dei ad Volcania (739): cf. Volcaniaque arma per auras / laturam auxilio (8.535f.).
- mortalis mucro glacies ceu futtilis ictu (740): alliteration of m, t, and c; repetition of -lis connects the two adjectives.
- undique enim densa Teucri inclusere corona (744): with cingunt below, cf. undique colles / inclusere cavi et nigra nemus abiete cingunt (8.598f.); quae densa venantum saepta corona (9.551); rara muros cinxere corona (10.122); tum muros varia cinxere corona (11.475).
- trepidique pedem pede fervidus urget (748): chiastic arrangement of emotions and feet; cf. subita spe fervidus ardet (325, of Turnus); roles reversed.
- inclusum veluti si quando flumine nactus / cervum (749f.): the enclosed deer takes over the line, escaping into the next.
- puniceae saeptum formidine pennae (750): alliteration of p.
- mille fugit refugitque vias (753): cf. itque reditque viam totiens (6.122, of Pollux).
- haeret hians (754): cf. gaudet hians immane comasque arrexit et haeret / visceribus super incumbens (10.726f., of Mezentius as bloodthirsty lion); both put down by the same hunter, as it were.
- iam iamque tenet similisque tenenti (754): cf. insequitur, iam iamque manu tenet et premit hasta (2.530, of Pyrrhus chasing Polites).
- malis morsuque (755): cf. the Trojans eating their "tables" (vertere morsus and violare manu malisque audacibus orbem, 3.112ff.).
- exoritur clamor (756): cf. exoritur clamorque virum clangorque tubarum (2.313).
- responsant circa et caelum tonat omne tumultu (757): alliteration of c and t; cf. caelum tonat omne fragore (9.541).
- nomine quemque vocans (759): cf. 11.731.
- notumque efflagitat ensem (759): cf. quae sint ea numina divum / flagitat (2.123f., of Ulysses); I imagine Turnus would like to know that as well.
- Aeneas mortem contra praesensque minatur (760): cf. quid increpitas mortemque minaris? (10.900, Mezentius to Aeneas).
- neque enim levia aut ludicra petuntur / praemia, sed Turni de vita et sanguine certant (764f.): if we didn't know by now, this is no book 5.
- forte sacer Fauno (766): with olim below, cf. forte sacer Cybelo Chloreus olimque sacerdos (11.768).
- venerabile lignum (767): cf. ille admirans venerabile donum (6.408, of Charon and the Golden Bough).
- servati ex undis (768): cf. servatum ex undis (3.209, of Aeneas).
- sed stirpem Teucri nullo discrimine sacrum (770): sibilance, chiasmus, and spondaic line.
- puro ut possent concurrere campo (771): alliteration.
- teloque sequi...cursu (775): cf. quem Turnus pariter cursu teloque secutus (9.559).
- profanos (779): cf. procul, o procul este, profani (6.258); the only other use in the work.
- in vota vocavit (780): cf. divosque in vota vocavit (7.471).
- luctans lentoque in stirpe (781): with convellere above, cf. alterius lentum convellere vimen (3.31); genibusque adversae obluctor harenae (3.38).
- viribus haud ullis (782): cf. aliter non viribus ullis / vincere nec duro poteris convellere ferro (6.147f., of Aeneas and the Golden Bough).
- in aurigae faciem mutata Metisci (784): cf. 623ff.
- indignata (786): cf. indignatus (7.770); also of both Camilla's and Turnus' deaths.
- accessit telumque alta ab radice revellit (787): spondaic line for Venus' deliberateness; also, cf. accessi viridemque ab humo convellere silvam (3.24).
- refecti (788): cf. reficitque in proelia pulsos (11.731).

 

[AoM]

Lines 791-868:

- Iunonem interea rex omnipotentis Olympi (791): cf. panditur interea domus omnipotentis Olympi (10.1); Iunonem interea compellat Iuppiter ultro (10.606).
- quae iam finis erit, coniunx? quid denique restat? (793): cf. et iam finis erat (1.223); aut quid iam misero mihi denique restat (2.70, said by Sinon).
- quid struis? aut qua spe gelidis in nubibus haeres? (796): cf. quid struit? aut qua spe inimica in gente moratur (4.235); quid struis? aut qua spe Libycis teris otia terris? (4.271).
- mortalin decuit violari vulnere divum? (797): alliteration in chiastic arrangement, with mortal and divine surrounding the line; also, cf. Veneris violavi vulnere dextram (11.277).
- vim crescere victis (799): cf. vimque addere victis (2.452).
- desine iam tandem precibusque inflectere nostris (800): cf. desine fata deum flecti sperare precando (6.376, the Sibyl to Palinurus).
- mihi curae / saepe tuo dulci tristes ex ore recursent (801f.): cf. sub noctem cura recursat (1.662); multa viri virtus animo multusque recursat / gentis honos (4.3f.).
- deformare domum et luctu miscere hymenaeos (805): cf. mixtoque insania luctu (667); canitiem multo deformat pulvere (10.844, of Mezetius).
- ulterius temptare veto (806): cf. quippe vetor fatis (1.39); Juno was correct from the start; farique vetat Saturnia Iuno (3.380).
- sic Iuppiter orsus (806): cf. Veneris contra sic filius orsus (1.325); inde toro pater Aeneas sic orsus ab alto (2.2); cum sic orsa loqui vates (6.125, of the Sibyl); tum vates sic orsa loqui (6.562); sic orsus Apollo (9.656); in melius tua, qui potes, orsa reflectas (10.632, Juno to Jupiter).
- sic dea summisso contra Saturnia vultu (807): synchysis of goddess and expression, with the key adverb in the center; also, cf. cui Iuno summissa (10.611).
- ista quidem quia nota mihi tua, magne, voluntas (808): dactylic line; also, cf. tua si mihi certa voluntas (7.548, Allecto to Juno).
- starem acie traheremque inimica in proelia Teucros (812): three elisions; also, cf. cum duo conversis inimica in proelia tauri (716).
- misero...succurrere fratri (813): cf. miseris succurrere disco (1.630).
- suasi et pro vita maiora audere probavi (814): spondaic line.
- Stygii caput implacabile fontis (816): chiasmus; also, cf. ultro implacabilis ardet (3, of Turnus).
- una superstitio superis quae reddita divis (817): cf. vana superstitio veterumque ignara deorum (8.187).
- nunc cedo equidem (818): cf. cedo equidem nec, nate, tibi comes ire recuso (2.704, Anchises to Aeneas).
- nulla fati quod lege tenetur (819): cf. teneor patriae nec legibus ullis (2.159, said by Sinon).
- pro maiestate tuorum (820): only use of maiestas in the work, and very appropriate at this point.
- component, cum iam leges et foedera iungent (822): cf. compositae leges (315); foederis aequas / dicamus leges (11.321f.).
- indigenas...Latinos (823): cf. indigenae Fauni Nymphaeque (8.314).
- aut vocem mutare viros aut vertere vestem (825): alliteration of v.
- Albani...reges (826): cf. Albanique patres (1.7).
- sit Romana potens Itala virtute propago (827): chiasmus, with Juno's desire as its center; cf. nimium vobis Romana propago / visa potens (6.870f., of Marcellus).
- occidit, occideritque sinas cum nomine Troia (828): polyptoton, with the key word delayed; also, cf. occiderit ferro Priamus? (2.581).
- olli subridens hominum rerumque repertor (829): cf. olli subridens hominum sator atque deorum (1.254, Jupiter to Venus); olli subridens sedato pectore Turnus (9.740); o pater, o hominum rerumque aeterna potestas (10.18, Venus to Jupiter); tum pater omnipotens, rerum cui prima potestas (10.100); repertorem medicinae talis et artis (7.772).
- his actis (843): cf. his actis propere exsequitur praecepta Sibyllae (6.236).
- secum ipse volutat (843): cf. talia flammato secum dea corde volutans (1.50, of Juno); sic adeo insistit secumque ita corde volutat (4.533, of Dido); haec ipse suo tristi cum corde volutat (6.185, of Aeneas); hic magnus sedet Aeneas secumque volutat / eventus belli varios (10.159f.).
- dimittere ab armis (844): cf. liceat dimittere ab armis / incolumem Ascanium (10.46f., Venus to Jupiter).
- pestes (845): cf. pestis enim tacitis latet aspera silvis (7.505).
- Tartaream Nox intempesta Megaeram (846): mother surrounded by offspring; cf. lunam in nimbo nox intempesta tenebat (3.587).
- uno eodemque (847): cf. una eademque via sanguis animusque sequuntur (10.487).
- serpentum spiris ventosasque addidit alas (848): sibilance and spondees for the snakes.
- apparent acuuntque metum mortalibus aegris (850): assonance and alliteration; also, cf. tempus erat quo prima quies mortalibus aegris (2.268); ille sitim morbosque ferens mortalibus aegris (10.274).
- letum horrificum (851): cf. at subitae horrifico lapsu de montibus adsunt (3.225, of the Harpies); sed horrificis iuxta tonat Aetna ruinis (3.571); the only other uses of the adjective in the work.
- meritas aut bello territat urbes (852): cf. magnas territat urbes (4.187, of Rumor).
- harum unam (853): cf. harum unam iuveni supremum maestus honorem (11.76); very fitting for Pallas' funeral and the connection to Dido.
- ab aethere summo (853): cf. cum Iuppiter aethere summo (1.223); more of those circles.
- celerique...turbine (855): cf. nigro circumdata turbine corpus (11.596, of Opis).
- saevi...felle veneni (857): cf. nigri...lacte veneni (4.514); atro / felle (8.219f.).
- telum immedicabile (858): very rare adjective.
- sata Nocte (860): cf. virgo sata Nocte (7.331, of Allecto).
- terrasque petivit (860): cf. terras horrenda petivit (3.323, of Juno); silvasque petivit (11.813, Arruns/wolf simile).
- postquam acies videt Iliacas (861): cf. videt Iliacas ex ordine pugnas (1.456, of Aeneas); art and history become reality again.
- quae quondam in bustis aut culminibus desertis / nocte sedens serum canit importuna per umbras (863f.): cf. nox cum terras obscura teneret, / solaque culminibus ferali carmine bubo (4.461f.).
- in bustis (863): cf. semustaque servant / busta (11.200f.).
- hanc versa in faciem (865): cf. in faciem soror ut conversa Metisci (623).
- fertque refertque (866): cf. talisque miserrima fletus / fertque refertque soror (4.437f., of Anna).
- clipeumque everberat alis (866): cf. simul aethera verberat alis (11.756).
- illi membra novus solvit formidine torpor (867): cf. extemplo Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra (1.92); bring on the circles.
- arrectaeque horrore comae et vox faucibus haesit (868): cf. repeated from 4.280, of Aeneas.

 

[AoM]

Lines 869-918:

- crinis...solutos (870): cf. circum Iliades crinem de more solutae (3.65); maestum Iliades crinem de more solutae (11.35).
- unguibus ora soror foedans et pectora pugnis (871): repeated from 4.673, of Anna after Dido's suicide.
- quid...iuvare (872): cf. nos aliquid Rutulos contra iuvisse nefandum est? (10.84, Juno to Jupiter).
- obscenae volucres (876): cf. obscenas pelagi ferro foedare volucris (3.241); sive deae seu sint dirae obscenaeque volucres (3.262); both of the Harpies.
- iussa superba (877): cf. at Rutulum abscessu iuvenis tum iussa superba / miratus stupet in Turno (10.445f., of Pallas).
- haec pro virginitate reponit? (878): cf. sic nos in sceptra reponis? (1.253, Venus to Jupiter).
- lines 882-4: worth noting that Tarrant brackets these lines, given how much they take from other passages; I haven't read through his entire 'defense' yet.
- aut quicquam mihi dulce meorum (882): cf. fuit aut tibi quicquam / dulce meum (4.317f., said by Dido).
- o quae satis ima dehiscat / terra mihi (883f.): cf. sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat (4.24, said by Dido).
- terra mihi, Manisque deam demittat ad imos? (884): alliteration of m; also, cf. subducta ad Manis imos desedimus unda (3.565); audiam et haec Manis veniet mihi fama sub imos (4.387, said by Dido); sed gnato manis perferre sub imos (11.181).
- tantum effata (885): cf. tantum effata furens antro se immisit aperto (6.262, of the Sibyl); tantum effatus, et in verbo vestigia torsit (6.547, of Deiphobus); tantum effatus (10.256, of Aeneas); tantum effatus et infesta subit obvius hasta (10.877, of Aeneas).
- caput glauco contexit amictu (885): alliteration of c; also, cf. eum tenuis glauco velabat amictu / carbasus (8.33f., of Tiberinus)
- multa gemens et se fluvio dea condidit alto (886): cf. multa gemens, largoque umectat flumine vultum (1.465); multa gemens magnoque animum labefactus amore (4.395); multa gemens casuque animum concussus amici (5.869, all of Aeneas); deinde lacu fluvius se condidit alto (8.66, of Tiberinus).
- telumque coruscat (887): cf. hastamque coruscat (431).
- saevo sic pectore fatur (888): cf. maximus Ilioneus placido sic pectore coepit (1.521); ficto pectore fatur (2.107, of Sinon); super haec inimico pectore fatur (10.556); super haec inimico pectore fatur (11.685, of Camilla).
- non cursu, saevis certandum est comminus armis (890): alliteration.
- tete (891): only use in the work.
- contrahe (891): cf. contrahimusque viros (3.8).
- astra sequi clausumque cava te condere terra (893): assonance and alliteration.
- ille caput quassans (894): cf. tum quassans caput haec effundit pectore dicta (7.292, of Juno); very fitting.
- nec plura effatus (896): cf. 8.443, of Vulcan; 11.98, of Aeneas at Pallas' funeral.
- altior insurgens (902): cf. altior exsurgens (11.697); arduus insurgens (11.755); immensus surgens (11.832).
- tollentemve manu saxumve immane moventem (904): alliteration of m.
- genua labant (905): cf. genua labant, vastos quatit aeger anhelitus artus (5.432).
- concrevit...sanguis (905): cf. concretos sanguine crinis (2.277, of the dead Hector); very fitting.
- pertulit ictum (907): cf. sed viris haud pertulit (10.786).
- oculos ubi languida pressit / nocte quies (908f.): cf. pressitque iacentem / dulcis et alta quies placidaeque simillima morti (6.521f.).
- sic Turno, quacumque viam virtute petivit (913): cf. sic Turno, quacumque viam secat, agmina cedunt (368).

 

[AoM]

Lines 919-952:

- telum Aeneas fatale coruscat (919): cf. telumque coruscat (887); fatalem Aenean (11.232).
- corpore toto (920): cf. 728, of Turnus.
- tormento sic saxa fremunt nec fulmine tanti (922): cf. fulminis in morem aut tormento ponderis acti (11.616).
- atri turbinis instar (923): cf. torrentis aquae vel turbinis atri / more furens (10.603f., of Aeneas); nigro circumdata turbine corpus (11.596, of Opis).
- hasta ferens (924): cf. parmamque ferens hastamque trementem (2.175).
- per medium stridens transit femur (926): with recondit above, cf. per medium Aeneas iuvenem totumque recondit (10.816); magnique femur perstrinxit Achatae (10.344).
- incidit ictus / ingens ad terram (926f.): cf. ipse gravis graviterque ad terram pondere vasto / concidit (5.447f.).
- duplicato poplite Turnus (927): cf. succiso poplite Gygen (9.762); poplite Palmum / succiso (10.699f.); duplicatque virum transfixa dolore (11.645).
- consurgunt gemitu Rutuli (928): cf. consurgunt studiis Teucri et Trinacria pubes (5.450).
- protendens (931): cf. alternaque iactat / bracchia protendens et verberat ictibus auras (5.376f.); hastasque reductis / protendunt longe dextris et spicula vibrant (11.605f.); a stark contrast with the only other uses.
- utere sorte tua (932): cf. melioribus utere fatis (6.546, Deiphobus to Aeneas).
- si qua ... / ... cura (932f.): cf. si qua est ea cura (10.828, Aeneas to Lausus).
- redde meis (936): cf. corpusque exsangue sepulcro / reddidit Hectoreum (2.542f.).
- victum tendere palmas (936): cf. auxilioque vocare deos et tendere palmas (5.686, of Aeneas).
- ulterius ne tende odiis (938): cf. ulterius temptare veto (806, Jupiter to Juno).
- acer in armis (938): cf. saevus in armis (107).
- Aeneas volvens oculos dextramque repressit (939): cf. huc illuc volvens oculos (4.363, of Dido); intentos volvens oculos (7.251, of Latinus); continuit iuvenemque animi miserata repressit (10.686, of Juno preventing Turnus from committing suicide).
- cunctantem (940): cf. cunctanti (919, of Turnus); the switching of roles, though it won't last long.
- balteus et notis fulserunt cingula bullis (942): the all-important word in enjambment; also, cf. aurea bullis / cingula (9.359f.).
- Pallantis pueri, victum quem vulnere Turnus (943): cf. ingenti vulnere victum (640, of Aeneas' victim); Pallantis proavi de nomine Pallanteum (8.54).
- inimicum insigne gerebat (944): cf. insigne paternum / ... gerit (7.657f.).
- oculis ... / ... hausit (945f.): cf. hauriat hunc oculis ignem crudelis ab alto (4.661, said by Dido, wishing for Aeneas to witness her death); Dido's contagious furor.
- saevi monimenta doloris (945): cf. Veneris monimenta nefandae (6.26, of the Minotaur).
- furiis accensus et ira (946): cf. furiisque accensas pectore matres (7.392).
- spoliis indute meorum (947): cf. indutum spoliis ipsum te, Lause, tropaeum (10.775).
- immolat (949): cf. inferias quos immolet umbris / captivoque rogi perfundat sanguine flammas (10.519f.); lapsumque superstans / immolat ingentique umbra tegit (10.540f.); both of Aeneas; he lets Pallas have this last sacrifice.
- poenam scelerato ex sanguine sumit (949): cf. poenasque inimico ex sanguine sumit (11.720, of Camilla).
- hoc dicens (950): cf. 2.550, of Pyrrhus before killing Priam; 10.744, of Mezentius before Orodes' death; 10.856, of Mezentius after Lausus' death.
- ferrum adverso sub pectore condit (950): cf. pectore in adverso totum cui comminus ensem / condidit adsurgenti (9.347f.).
- illi solvuntur frigore membra (951): cf. Aeneae solvuntur frigore membra (1.92); even more full circle than 867.
- vitaque cum gemitu fugit indignata sub umbras (952): repeated from 11.831, of Camilla's death.

-- --

After four years, it feels pretty strange to finish. Though I still have Williams and Tarrant to read through.

Thanks to anyone who even skimmed over any of this.

 

[AoM]

Tarrant is pretty good overall. A ton of Iliad correspondences (and actually gives translations for any Greek he includes!), as well as for Lucretius and Ovid.

Makes me remember that it's been 6 years since Horsfall said he was working on a book 1 commentary. Curious to see if that ever happens.

 

[iamrian]

Well, I can say it feels really weird starting the last book. And it doesn't feel like it's been four years since I started working on the first book. I doubt this thing will ever see the light of day, but it's something I'm damn proud of. And since it's the last one, I thought I might as well do some notes like I did for a couple other books. They're probably more for my benefit, but hopefully they can give others a little amusement.

Using Tarrant's commentary, which is the most impressive Cambridge Aeneid commentary in terms of length. To be expected since it's the most recent (and this book is the longest).

AoM,

Count me extremely late to the game, but could you tell me about this project that you are finishing? I am interested in what you have learned. Translating Virgil is still a ways off for me, I finished Wheelock last year and am going through some of Geoffrey Steadman's intermediate commentaries; but, my ultimate goal is to translate all of Virgil's "Aeneid". Any and all insight would be most welcome!